Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
From January 2007 onwards, IPA replaces a series of EU programmes and financial instruments (PHARE, PHARE CBC, ISPA, SAPARD, CARDS and the financial instrument for Turkey) for candidate countries (Turkey, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) or potential candidate countries in the Western Balkans (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo under UN Security Council Resolution 1244/99). IPA is made up of five different components: assistance for transition and institution building; cross-border cooperation (with EU Member States and other countries eligible for IPA); regional development (transport, environment, regional and economic development); human resources (strengthening human capital and combating exclusion); rural development.
